Irregular warfare refers to forms of armed conflict in which states, political movements, insurgent groups, militias, or non-state actors use unconventional methods to achieve political, military, or social objectives. Unlike conventional warfare, which generally involves organized armies fighting openly on defined battlefields, irregular warfare operates through indirect strategies such as guerrilla warfare, insurgency, terrorism, sabotage, propaganda, psychological operations, and popular mobilization. It became particularly significant in the modern world during the struggles against colonialism and in the conflicts that followed the Second World War. The roots of irregular warfare can be traced to earlier forms of resistance, but its importance expanded considerably during the twentieth century. The two World Wars