Dijkstra’s algorithm is a fundamental greedy algorithm used to find the shortest path from a single source vertex to all other vertices in a weighted graph with non-negative edge weights. In an Algorithm Design Lab context, implementing this algorithm using an adjacency list representation is important because it demonstrates efficient storage and traversal of sparse graphs. For a graph with 5 nodes, adjacency lists help reduce memory usage compared to adjacency matrices and improve performance in traversal operations. In this implementation, the graph consists of 5 nodes labeled from 0 to 4. The adjacency list representation uses a vector (or list) of lists, where each index corresponds to a node and contains a list of pairs representing its adjacent nodes and the corresponding edge weights. For example, if there is an edge from node 0 to node 1 with weight 2, it is stored as (1,2) in the adjacency list of node 0. The algorithm begins by initializing a distance array of size 5, where each element represents the shortest known distance from the