Question
Identify different economic programmes which aim to equalise the capacity of the disadvantaged groups in India.
Answer :
Word Count : 930
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Skip in 10
In India, reducing inequality and strengthening the capabilities of disadvantaged groups has been a major objective of economic planning and public policy, especially in the context of inclusive development and social justice. From the perspective of peace and conflict resolution, economic inequality is often a root cause of social tension, exclusion, and structural violence. Therefore, various economic programmes have been designed to enhance the capacity of marginalized communities by improving access to income, employment, credit, housing, skills, and social security. These programmes aim not only at poverty alleviation but also at empowerment and long-term capability building. One of the most significant programmes in this direction is the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), which guarantees 100 days of wage employment in rural areas to every household willing to do unskilled manual work. This programme enhances livelihood security, reduces distress migration, and strengthens rural purchasing power. By providing a legal right to work, it helps disadvantaged groups gain economic stability and reduces inequalities in rural society. Another important initiative is the Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM), which focuses on promoting self-employment and organizing rural poor households into Self-Help Groups (SHGs). Through financial inclusion, skill development, and access to credit, it empowers women and economically weaker sections to become self-reliant. SHGs also promote collective decision-making and social solidarity, which are important for reducing vulnerability and conflict at the community level. The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY), particularly PMAY-Gramin, addresses the housing needs of the poor by providing financial assistance for constructing pucca houses. Secure housing improves living conditions and contributes to human dignity, which is essential for social stability. Similarly, access to basic amenities like electricity, water, and sanitation under various convergence programmes strengthens the overall quality of life of disadvantaged groups. Financial inclusion has been significantly expanded through the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), which aims to provide universal access
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