For an invention to be granted a patent, it must satisfy several specific criteria established under patent law, which serve to ensure that patents are only granted for innovations that are truly novel, useful, and deserving of legal protection. These criteria form the foundation of patentability and are generally consistent across jurisdictions, although local laws may have some variations. The primary requirements that an invention must fulfill to qualify for a patent are novelty, inventive step or non-obviousness, industrial applicability or utility, sufficiency of disclosure, and sometimes additional requirements such as patentable subject matter and legal compliance with public order or morality. The first and most fundamental criterion is novelty. Novelty requires that the invention must be new and not known to the public prior to the filing date of the patent application. This means that the invention should not have been disclosed in any prior publication, prior patent, or through public use or sale anywhere in the world. The purpose of the novelty requirement is to prevent the granting of patents for inventions that already exist in the public domain, thereby ensuring that patent rights are only conferred upon genuinely new ideas. Novelty is assessed against prior art, which includes any information made available before the filing date of the patent. If an invention has already been described, used, or made accessible to the public in any form, it fails the novelty test and cannot be patented. The second important criterion is the inventive step, also referred to as non-obviousness in some jurisdictions. This criterion ensures that the invention is not only new but also involves a sufficient level of innovation beyond existing knowledge. An invention cannot be patented if it would have been obvious