Question
Make a comparative chart of the function of all the plant hormones.
Answer :
Word Count : 1960
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Skip in 10
On the basis of the function there are five types of plant hormones:
1. Auxin
2. Gibberellin
3. Cytokinin
4. Ethylene
5. Abscisic acid (ABA)
1. Auxin
This is the best known plant hormone and have many effects on the plant growth. Experiments on plant hormones were initially performed by Charles Darwin and his son Francis Darwin. They worked on the seedlings of the canary grass and were amazed to observe that the direction of the growth of the coleoptile (a sheath which protects the stem tip (plumule) of a germinating grass seed) was influenced only when its tip was exposed to light and not the base where the actual growth was taking place. They also observed that when the coleoptile was illuminated from one side, it bent towards the light but if the tips were chopped or covered with metal foil, bending response would not occur. After watching this, Darwin concluded that certain kind of 'influence' is generated at the tip which is then transmitted to the base where the growth takes place. However he couldn't identify the influence.
Functions of auxin:
1. Cell enlargement: Auxin causes cell enlargement by solubilisation of carbohydrates, loosening of cell wall micro-fibrils, synthesis of new wall material and increase in respiration.
2. Prevention of lodging: Lower inter-nodes of the stem of cereals are long and weak. AS a result the plant bends down or droops. Application of NAAM prevents lodging.
3. Apical dominance: In many plants, apical bud suppresses the growth of lateral buds. This condition is known as apical dominance. A plant with strong apical dominance has little or no branching like in sunflower.
4. It is responsible for the photo-tropism and geotropism.
5. It promotes root initiation in callus and stem cutting.
6. Delay of abscission of leaves by preventing formation of abscission layer. But promotes this in older leaves and fruits.
7. It induces parthenocarpy (production of fruit without fertilization).
8. Increases the number of female flowers.
9. Activity of cambium is promoted by auxin.
10. Healing of injury in plants.
11. Promotes xylem differentiation.
Uses of synthetic auxin:
1. IBA, IBA-alanine and NAA are used for rooting in stem cutting.
2. IAA and IBA induces parthenocarpy.
3. 2,4-D and 2,4,5,-T are used as weedicides.
4. NAA and 2,4-D
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