B.R. Ambedkar, one of the foremost social thinkers and reformers of modern India, was deeply influenced by the ideas of Karl Marx, though he adapted them selectively to the Indian context. Marx’s critique of class, exploitation, and economic inequality resonated with Ambedkar’s understanding of social hierarchies in India, particularly the rigid caste system. While Marx focused primarily on class struggle and the economic dimensions of oppression, Ambedkar recognized that in India, social and religious hierarchies—caste—were equally, if not more, oppressive than economic exploitation. Ambedkar studied Marx’s analysis of capitalism and the ways in which the economic structure could perpetuate inequality. This helped him conceptualize the structural nature of social discrimination and the need for systemic reforms. He saw parallels between