Question
Give an outline of Calvin's cycle and discuss its regulation.
Answer :
Word Count : 570
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The Calvin cycle is the central pathway of carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, occurring in the stroma of chloroplasts. It utilizes ATP and NADPH produced during the light reactions to convert atmospheric carbon dioxide into carbohydrates. The cycle operates in three main phases: carboxylation, reduction, and regeneration of the CO₂ acceptor molecule. In the carboxylation phase, carbon dioxide is incorporated into an organic molecule. The CO₂ acceptor is ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP), a five-carbon compound. The enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) catalyzes the reaction between CO₂ and RuBP, forming an unstable six-carbon intermediate that immediately splits into two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA). Since each CO₂ molecule produces two molecules of 3-PGA, the fixation of three CO₂ molecules results in six molecules of 3-PGA, making the cycle stoichiometrically efficient
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