Globalisation refers to the process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among countries through the exchange of goods, services, technology, information, culture, and ideas. It has significantly transformed social, economic, and political systems across the world. In the field of public health and epidemiology, globalisation has created both opportunities and challenges by influencing disease patterns, healthcare systems, health policies, and access to medical resources. One of the major impacts of globalisation on health is the rapid spread of infectious diseases. Increased international travel, migration, and global trade allow pathogens to move quickly across geographical boundaries. Diseases that were once limited to specific regions can now become global health threats. Outbreaks such as influenza pandemics, COVID-19, and other emerging infectious diseases demonstrate how closely connected the health of different nations has become. Epidemiological surveillance and international cooperation have become essential for controlling such diseases. Globalisation has contributed to improvements in healthcare through the exchange of medical knowledge, technology, and innovations. Advances in medical research, diagnostic tools, vaccines, and treatment methods can spread more rapidly among countries. International organisations and collaborations support disease prevention programmes, health research, and emergency responses. Developing countries have benefited