Question
Explain why the atomic spectra are line spectra whereas the molecular spectra are band spectra.
Answer :
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Atomic spectra are observed as line spectra because atoms consist of electrons bound to a nucleus in discrete energy levels. When an electron in an atom transitions from a higher energy level to a lower one, it emits or absorbs a photon of a specific energy, corresponding to the energy difference between these levels. Since these energy differences are quantized and well-defined for each element, the emitted or absorbed radiation appears as sharp lines
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