IGNOU IBO 1 2018 - Explain various International Commodity Agreements.

Question

Explain various International Commodity Agreements.

13 Feb 2018

Answer :

Word Count : 1297

There have been seven major international commodity agreements. These international commodity agreements are given as follows:

International Rubber Agreement

Only this agreement was negotiated under the Integrated Programme of Commodities. It was concluded on 6th October 1979 and came provisionally in force in April 1982. However, the agreement came into operational in November 1981 when the buffer stock manager started buying natural rubber in order to stabilize prolonged decline in natural rubber. This agreement got the support of producers and consumers. Malaysia’s share was 41.5 percent, Indonesia’s 23.5 per cent and Thailand’s 13.8 per cent. There are three countries who together constitute 88 per cent of world exports. The major consumers of natural rubber are: the US -25 per cent, European Community -23 per cent and Japan – 11 per cent. The main concern of all consumers is assured supply. Tyre manufacturers, specially those of radial tyres, needed more rubber. It was estimated that the supply of rubber would grow slowly. Further, consumers were also afraid of inflationary pressures and rise in commodity prices. It was also felt that high prices of petroleum had raised the prices of products based on petro-chemicals. Hence tyre manufacturers were keen on stable prices. The International Natural Rubber Agreement used buffer stock operation to maintain prices at specified level. There was expected to be regular review of prices at every 18 months. Sale from buffer stock and purchase by buffer stock agency was made on the basis of stipulated price. This agreement met with mixed success during its operation. It has managed to hold the price within the specified stabilization range despite a very severe recession in rubber demand. It is criticised that it was done at the cost of a continual accumulation of stocks.

International Sugar Agreement

There have been four international sugar agreements in post war period. The first one was signed in 1953, second in 1958, with a five year gap, a third agreement was signed in 1968. After a four year gap a fourth agreement was signed. Negotiation under the auspices of UNCTAD through 1983 and 1984 failed to result in any agreement. Sugar agreement operated entirely through export controls. It did not achieve much success. One of the reasons for the agreements failure was that sugar is produced by developed and developing countries. Further, holding stocks was yet another problems.

International Tin Agreement

The first year international tin

_____ __________ ________ ___ _____ __________ _______ ____ ___ ______.
____ _________ _________ __________ ____.
_________ ______ ______ ____ ____ __________ ________ _________ _____ ____.
______ ____ ___ _______ ______ ____ ____ _____ ______.
______ _______ ____ _________ ____ ______ ________ ___ ________ ______.
________ ________ _________ __________ ______ ________.
______ _______ ____ _____ _______ __________ _________ ___.
_______ ______ _____ _____ _______ ______ ___.
___ _____ _________ ____ ____.
______ ____ ______ ____ _______ _____ ________ _____ ___ _______ _____ _____.
_______ _______ ____ _______ _______.
_________ _______ __________ _________ _______ _______ ________ _____ _____.
____ ________ _____ _____ _____ ____.
_____ ____ __________ ___ ____ ___ __________ __________.
_________ __________ ______ __________ _____.
_______ _________ ______ _________ ______.
_____ __________ _________ ___ ______ ____ ___ _________ ______ _____ _____.
________ _______ _____ __________ ____ ________ ___ ____ _______ ____.
________ _____ ____ ______ __________ _________ ____ ___ ____.
__________ ___ _______ __________ ___.
_____ _____ _______ _____ _____ ______ __________ ____ _______.
______ __________ ___ _________ _______ __________ ___.
____ _________ _____ _______ _____ __________ _______ ____ _________ _____ ____ _________.
______ ____ _________ ________ ________.
_____ _____ ____ _____ _________.
________ _________ ________ _________ ______ ________.
___ ___ _______ ________ _____ ________ _____ _______ _____ _______ __________ ______.
_________ _______ ______ ______ __________ ______.
______ ___ _______ __________ _______ _________ _________ ____ ________ _______.
___ _______ ____ ________ _________.
___ ____ ________ ___ _________.
__________ ______ ______ ______ ________ ____ __________.
______ ________ ________ ______ _________ _____ _______ ________ ________ __________ __________.
_____ ________ ____ ________ __________ _______ ________ __________ ______ ______.
__________ _________ ________ ____ _____ _______ ______.
_________ ________ _________ __________ ____ ____ _________ _____ _____ ___.
_________ ________ _____ ________ ________ ___ ___ ________.
____ _______ ___ _______ ______.
__________ _____ ______ _____ ______ ___ _________.
_______ ________ ____ ________ _______ ________.
______ ________ ________ ____ _________ ______ ____ _______ _________ ______ ___ _____.
_________ ___ ___ ______ _________.
_______ _______ ____ _________ _________.
__________ ____ _______ _______ _____ ____.
____ ______ ______ ___ _______ ____ _________ __________ ___.
____ __________ ________ ________ _________ ___ __________ __________ ________ __________ ____ _________.
_______ ___ _________ _______ __________ ___ ___ __________ __________ ____ ________ ____.
___ ______ _____ ________ ___ _______.
____ _____ ___ _________ _________ _________.
________ ________ ______ ____ ___ _____.
________ _________ ____ ___ __________ _________ ___ _______ _____.
__________ __________ _____ ________ _______ ___ _______ _________ _____ ________.
_____ ______ ______ ________ ______ _______.
________ _________ __________ _________ _________ _______ __________ _________ _______ ________.
______ ________ __________ _________ __________ ____ ______ ___ _______ ______ _______.
_______ ___ ________ _______ ____ ________ ____ ___ _________ _______ _____.
_______ ______ _____ ______ _______ ____ _______ _______.
____ _________ ____ _______ ________ ____ __________ __________ ______ ____ ___ ___.
___ ______ ____ _____ ___ __________ _________ __________ ____ _____ ___.
_______ ___ ____ ______ ___ ___ ______ ________.
___ ____ ____ _______ ______ _______.
________ ________ _____ _______ ________ __________.
_______ __________ __________ _____ _________ ___ _______ ________ _________ ______.
____ _________ _________ ___ _______ _______ ______ ______ _____ _______ __________.
___ _________ _____ __________ _____ _____ ______ ______ ____ _______ _____ ________.
___ ______ ___ _____ ________ ______.
__________ _________ ________ ________ _______ ___ ________ _______ ____ ____ ________ _______.
________ _________ ___ __________ __________ ______ _________.
________ ________ _______ _________ ____.
_______ _____ ____ ______ ________ _____ _________ __________ ____.
____ ____ _____ _______ ____ _______.
_____ ______ _____ _________ ________ ______.
__________ _________ _______ ____ ___ ___ ___ ___ ________.
________ ___ ______ _______ ________.
____ _________ _______ _______ ________.
______ __________ _______ ________ _________ ________.
_____ __________ _________ __________ _______.
_____ __________ ____ ___ ________ _____ _______ _______ __________ ___ _____.
__________ ________ ______ _______ _________ _______ _______.
______ ______ _____ ________ _____ _________ __________ __________.
_______ _____ ___ ____ __________ ____.
__________ ____ ________ ______ ___ ____.
__________ _____ ___ ______ _____ _________ __________ __________ ______ ________ _____ ____.
__________ _______ ________ ____ _______ __________ _____ _______ ___ ___.
__________ ________ ______ ________ __________ ____ ________ __________ ___ ___ _________.
______ __________ _________ ______ _____ __________ __________ __________.
______ _________ ____ _______ ___ __________ __________.
__________ ___ ___ _____ ___.
________ _________ ________ _________ ____.
__________ _______ ____ _____ ________ ___.
_________ __________ __________ _______ _________ _______.
___ ___ ___ ____ _____ ________ ________ __________ ______.
______ __________ _____ ______ _____ _________ __________ ____ ______ _____.
__________ ______ ________ _________ __________ ____ ____ _______.
________ ____ __________ __________ __________ ________ ______ ____ ______.
______ _________ _______ ____ ______ ____ ____ _________ _______ _______ ____.
_______ ____ _______ ___ __________ ____ ___ ______ ________.
________ _______ ___ ____ _____ ___ ___ _____.
_______ _________ _______ ___ ____ ____ __________ ____ __________ ________ _______ ____.
________ ____ ______ ________ ________ ________ _____.
__________ _____ ____ _______ _______ ________ ___ ____.
___ ___ ________ _______ ________ ____ _______ ____ ______ ___ _________ ______.
____ _____ _________ _________ ______ ______ ____ ______.
________ _______ _____ ______ ________.
___ __________ ________ ____ _____ __________ _________ __________ __________ _____ ________.
_____ _____ ____ ___ __________ _______ ______ ______.
___ ____ ____ ___ _________ ___ __________.
___ ______ ______ _____ ___ ___ __________.
_____ _________ _____.

IGNOU ACADEMY

Your IGNOU journey, made easier.

Solved Assignments
Study Notes
Guess Papers
Question Papers

Call Us WhatsApp

STUDY • PREPARE • SUCCEED

Skip in 10

IGNOU Solved Assignments Assignments Ignou Projects Project Previous Year Solved Exam Papers Notes Notes Sample Question Papers Sample Question Papers