Question
Explain the trends in melting points of alkali, alkaline earth and transition metals of
fourth, fifth and sixth periods along with suitable illustration.
Answer :
Word Count : 569
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The melting points of metals depend mainly on the strength of metallic bonding, crystal structure, atomic size, and the number of valence electrons available for metallic bonding. The trends shown by alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and transition metals are different because the nature and strength of their metallic bonding differ considerably. Alkali metals belong to Group 1 and have one valence electron. In the fourth, fifth and sixth periods, the relevant alkali metals are potassium (K), rubidium (Rb) and caesium (Cs), respectively. Their melting points generally decrease down the group. Potassium melts at about 63.5°C, rubidium at about 39.3°C and caesium at about 28.5°C. Down the group, atomic size increases and the valence electron becomes farther from the nucleus. Consequently, the attraction between the positive metal ions and the delocalised electrons becomes weaker, resulting in weaker metallic bonding and lower melting points. Alkaline earth metals have two valence electrons and generally possess stronger metallic bonding than alkali metals of the corresponding period. In the
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