Question
Explain the structure, roles and functions of major food regulatory bodies in South-East Asia. Compare their regulatory approaches, challenges in harmonisation, and contributions to public health protection, food safety governance and international food trade, with suitable examples.
Answer :
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Food safety and quality assurance in South-East Asia are governed by a network of national regulatory authorities operating within broader regional and international frameworks. Major food regulatory bodies in the region include the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), the National Agency of Drug and Food Control (BPOM) of Indonesia, the Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority’s successor, the Singapore Food Agency (SFA), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of Thailand, and the Food and Drug Administration of the Philippines. At the regional level, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) facilitates cooperation and harmonisation through mechanisms such as the ASEAN Consultative Committee on Standards and Quality (ACCSQ). The structure of these bodies generally combines policy formulation, standard setting, risk assessment, inspection, licensing, and enforcement. For example, FSSAI in India operates under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and is supported by scientific panels and advisory committees that develop food standards based on risk analysis. It coordinates with state food safety departments for enforcement. Similarly, Indonesia’s BPOM functions under the President’s office, overseeing pre-market approval, laboratory testing, and post-market surveillance. Singapore’s SFA integrates food
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