Water has been the cornerstone of human civilization, providing not only a basic necessity for survival but also shaping social, economic, and cultural development. In the case of the three major early human civilizations—Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley, and Ancient Egypt—water played a crucial role in determining settlement patterns, agricultural practices, trade, and the overall prosperity of these societies. In Mesopotamia, often referred to as the “Cradle of Civilization,” the Tigris and Euphrates rivers were central to the development of human settlements. These rivers provided a reliable source of freshwater for drinking and irrigation, allowing the cultivation of staple crops such as barley and wheat. The seasonal flooding of these rivers, though unpredictable, deposited nutrient-rich silt along the riverbanks, which enhanced soil