Vulnerability analysis is an important process in disaster management that helps in identifying the level of susceptibility of people, communities, infrastructure, and resources to the impacts of hazards. It provides a systematic understanding of why certain areas or groups are more affected by disasters and helps in designing effective risk reduction strategies. Vulnerability analysis considers social, economic, environmental, physical, and institutional factors that influence the capacity of a community to anticipate, cope with, resist, and recover from disasters. The first step in vulnerability analysis is the identification of hazards and the geographical area that may be affected. Different hazards such as floods, earthquakes, cyclones, droughts, landslides, and industrial accidents have different patterns of impact. Understanding the nature, frequency, intensity, and location of hazards provides the foundation for assessing vulnerability. Hazard mapping and historical disaster records are commonly used to identify risk-prone areas. The next step involves identifying the elements that are exposed to hazards. Exposure refers to the people, buildings, infrastructure, economic activities, and natural resources located in hazard-prone areas. Population distribution, settlements, transportation networks,