Question
Explain the nature of absorption spectra for the transition and inner transition elements by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Also specify the reasons of difference between the two.
Answer :
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Transition elements show characteristic absorption spectra in UV-Visible spectroscopy due to electronic transitions involving partially filled d-orbitals. In these elements, the most common transitions are d–d transitions, where electrons move between split d-orbitals in a ligand field. These transitions occur because the presence of ligands causes crystal field splitting of d-orbitals into different energy levels. When the energy of UV or visible radiation matches the energy gap between these split orbitals, absorption occurs. As a result, transition metal complexes often display colored solutions. The spectra usually consist of relatively weak and broad absorption bands due
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