Cyberspace has become an integral part of modern facilities management, as educational institutions, offices, hospitals, industries, and government buildings increasingly rely on digital infrastructure for communication, surveillance, access control, data storage, and operational management. While this integration enhances efficiency and connectivity, it also exposes facilities to numerous security threats. Understanding the most common security issues in cyberspace is essential for ensuring safety and security in facilities, as cyber incidents can disrupt operations, compromise sensitive information, and even endanger physical safety. One of the most prevalent security issues in cyberspace is unauthorized access and hacking. Hackers attempt to gain access to computer systems, networks, or databases without permission. In facility environments, this can involve breaching building management systems, surveillance networks, or access control systems. Weak passwords, outdated software, and unpatched vulnerabilities provide easy entry points for attackers. Once inside, they may manipulate systems, steal data, or disrupt services. For example, if a cybercriminal gains access to a smart building’s control system, they could interfere with lighting, elevators, fire alarms, or HVAC systems, thereby affecting occupant safety. Malware is another major threat in cyberspace. Malware refers to malicious software such as viruses, worms, trojans, spyware, and ransomware that is designed to damage or disrupt systems. Ransomware attacks have become particularly common, where attackers encrypt data and demand payment to restore access. In facilities such as hospitals or educational institutions, ransomware can halt critical operations, block access to essential records, and compromise emergency response systems. Malware often spreads through email attachments, infected websites, or removable storage devices. Without strong antivirus protection and regular system updates, facilities remain highly vulnerable. Phishing and social engineering attacks are also widespread in cyberspace. Phishing involves fraudulent emails or messages that appear legitimate and trick users