Rights, in the context of political theory, refer to the moral or legal entitlements that individuals possess, which enable them to act in certain ways and claim certain benefits or protections from others, including the state. They are essential elements of human social and political life, providing the framework within which individuals can exercise freedom, dignity, and equality. Rights are considered fundamental because they define the boundaries of permissible conduct by others and establish duties upon those who interact with the rights-holder. Political theorists often categorize rights into various forms, such as natural, legal, civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights, reflecting the diverse areas in which human interests and freedoms need recognition and protection. The meaning of rights is closely tied to the concept of liberty and justice. In classical liberal political thought, rights are viewed primarily as protective tools that shield individuals from interference by the state or other individuals. John Locke, for example, emphasized natural rights, such as life, liberty, and property, which are inherent to human beings and exist independently