Digital technology has profoundly transformed the field of ethnography, reshaping the ways researchers observe, record, and interpret social life. Traditional ethnography relied heavily on in-person participant observation, handwritten field notes, and analog recordings, which often limited the scope and accessibility of data. The advent of digital tools, however, has expanded both the methodological and analytical dimensions of ethnographic research, allowing for richer and more diverse understandings of societies. Digital technology enables ethnographers to capture, store, and analyze large volumes of data efficiently, including audiovisual material, online interactions, social media activity, and geospatial information. For instance, smartphones, digital cameras, and audio recorders allow field researchers to document events with high precision and share them in real time with collaborators or audiences, thus preserving nuances that might be lost in written notes. The use of social media and online platforms has opened new avenues for “digital ethnography” or “netnography,” allowing researchers to study communities that exist primarily online. Platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and Reddit serve as sites for observing social interactions, cultural expressions, and collective behavior without the traditional constraints of