Genome mapping is the process of identifying the positions of genes, genetic markers, and other important DNA sequences on chromosomes. It provides a detailed representation of the arrangement of genetic elements within an organism's genome and serves as a foundation for understanding genome structure, function, evolution, and variation. In OMICS, genome mapping plays a crucial role in genomics by enabling researchers to analyze gene organization, identify disease-associated genes, study genetic diversity, and support personalized medicine. Genome mapping can be broadly classified into two major types: genetic mapping and physical mapping. Genetic mapping, also known as linkage mapping, determines the relative positions of genes on chromosomes based on the frequency of recombination during meiosis. Genes that are located close together on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together because they have a lower chance of being separated by recombination. The distance between genes is measured in centimorgans (cM), where one centimorgan represents a 1% probability of recombination between two loci. Genetic mapping is valuable for identifying genes associated with inherited traits and diseases. Physical mapping determines the actual physical distance between genes or DNA sequences in terms of the number of base pairs. Unlike genetic mapping, physical mapping provides a more precise location of genomic elements. Techniques used in physical mapping include restriction enzyme mapping, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), radiation hybrid mapping, sequence-tagged site (STS) mapping, bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) mapping, and whole-genome sequencing. Advances in sequencing technologies have greatly improved the accuracy and efficiency of physical genome