Management is the process of achieving organisational objectives effectively and efficiently through the coordinated use of human, financial, material, and technological resources. In industrial project management, effective management is essential because projects involve complex activities, limited resources, deadlines, technical requirements, and coordination among different stakeholders. The major functions of management are planning, organising, staffing, directing, coordinating, and controlling. Planning is the primary function of management. It involves deciding in advance what is to be done, how it will be done, when it will be done, and who will perform the activities. In industrial projects, planning begins with defining project objectives, scope, deliverables, schedules, costs, quality standards, and resource requirements. Project managers prepare work schedules, budgets, procurement plans, risk-management plans, and implementation strategies. For example, before establishing a manufacturing plant, management must determine the required machinery, raw materials,