The Paris Agreement on Climate Change, adopted in December 2015 under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), represents a landmark international effort to combat global climate change. Its core objective is to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change by keeping the increase in global average temperature well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels while pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C. This goal is critical for all sectors, including the construction industry, where climate-sensitive practices, materials, and energy consumption are directly affected by changes in policy, emissions regulations, and sustainability standards. A key feature of the Paris Agreement is its legally binding framework for all countries to contribute to global mitigation efforts, while recognizing the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities” (CBDR-RC). This acknowledges that developed countries, which have historically contributed more to greenhouse gas emissions, have a larger role to play in both emission reductions and financial support to developing countries. For the construction industry, this implies an increased expectation to adopt sustainable building practices, low-carbon technologies, and efficient resource management, particularly in countries with stricter emission norms. Another important feature is the concept of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Each country is required to submit its NDCs outlining specific actions it will take to reduce emissions and adapt to climate impacts. These contributions are to be updated every five years, reflecting progressive ambition. In the context of construction, NDCs often translate into mandates for energy-efficient building codes, adoption of green construction materials, reduction of cement and steel usage where possible, and integration of renewable energy solutions in buildings. Construction companies must align project planning, design, and execution with national targets to ensure compliance and avoid penalties. The Paris Agreement also emphasizes transparency and accountability through a robust monitoring, reporting, and verification system. Countries are expected to report regularly on their emissions, progress toward NDCs, and support provided or received. For the construction industry, this necessitates accurate tracking of carbon footprints, energy consumption, and waste management practices across projects. Companies may need to implement environmental management systems, adopt life-cycle assessment methods, and prepare detailed sustainability reports to demonstrate compliance with regulatory frameworks and to access incentives or public contracts. Adaptation is another central element of the Agreement. While mitigation focuses on reducing emissions, adaptation addresses the resilience of communities, industries, and infrastructure to the adverse effects of climate change. In