The Paris Agreement on Climate Change, adopted on December 12, 2015, under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), is a legally binding international treaty that aims to combat climate change and limit global warming. It came into force on November 4, 2016, and has been ratified by over 190 countries. The agreement marked a significant milestone in the global response to climate change, as it brought together both developed and developing countries in a unified effort. Its features reflect a comprehensive and inclusive framework for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, enhancing climate resilience, and promoting sustainable development. One of the most prominent features of the Paris Agreement is its long-term temperature goal. The central objective is to limit the rise in global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, while pursuing efforts to limit the increase to 1.5°C. This ambition reflects the recognition of scientific assessments indicating that even a 2°C increase can have severe impacts on ecosystems, human health, and livelihoods. The 1.5°C target, although more challenging, is aimed at reducing the risks and impacts of climate change, especially for vulnerable countries like small island developing states and least developed nations. A core element of the Paris Agreement is the system of nationally determined contributions (NDCs). Unlike the Kyoto Protocol, which set binding emission reduction targets only for developed countries, the Paris Agreement allows each country to determine its own climate action plans, known as NDCs, based on national circumstances and capabilities. These contributions outline the efforts by each country to reduce emissions and adapt to climate change impacts. Countries are required to submit updated NDCs every five years, with the expectation that each successive contribution will be more ambitious than the last, reflecting a progression over time. Transparency and accountability are also fundamental aspects of the Paris Agreement. To ensure that countries are implementing their commitments effectively, the agreement established an enhanced transparency framework (ETF). This framework requires countries to regularly report on their greenhouse gas emissions, progress in implementing their NDCs, and support provided or received in terms of finance, technology, and capacity-building. The reports undergo technical expert reviews and facilitative, multilateral consideration to promote trust and accountability. The ETF aims to provide clarity on climate action and foster mutual trust among nations. Another key