IGNOU BSOE 143 2026 2027 - Explain the context for the emergence of treadmill theory.

Question

Explain the context for the emergence of treadmill theory.

27 Jul 2026

Answer :

Word Count : 634

The treadmill theory emerged in environmental sociology during the late 1970s and early 1980s as a response to growing concerns about the ecological consequences of industrial capitalism. Allan Schnaiberg, the principal architect of the theory, developed it to explain why environmental degradation continued despite increasing environmental awareness, scientific knowledge, and state regulation. The theory challenged the optimistic belief that technological progress and economic development would automatically solve environmental problems and instead argued that the very structure of capitalist production generates continuous ecological destruction. The intellectual context of the theory was shaped by the environmental crises of the post-World War II period. Rapid industrialization, urban expansion, population growth, resource extraction, and rising consumerism placed unprecedented pressure on natural ecosystems. Events such as severe air and water pollution, deforestation, species extinction, oil spills, and the

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