The Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) is one of the most significant environmental and social movements in post-independence India. It emerged in the mid-1980s in response to the construction of a series of large dams on the Narmada River, particularly the Sardar Sarovar Dam in Gujarat and the Narmada Sagar Dam in Madhya Pradesh. Led by activists such as Medha Patkar and supported by environmentalists, social workers, tribal communities, farmers, and intellectuals, the movement questioned the developmental model that prioritized large infrastructure projects over the rights and welfare of local communities. The movement was not merely an environmental campaign but also a struggle for social justice, human rights, and sustainable development. It argued that the construction of large dams would submerge forests, fertile agricultural lands, and hundreds of villages, leading to the displacement of thousands of tribal people, farmers, and rural communities. Many of these affected populations depended directly on the river and forests for their livelihood. The movement highlighted that inadequate rehabilitation