Question
Explain the concept of IP addressing. Discuss IPv4 addressing classes (A, B, C, D, E), subnetting, and the need for IPv6. Also, explain the features of IPv6. Explain the working of DHCP in dynamic IP address allocation.
Answer :
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Skip in 10
IP addressing is a fundamental concept in computer networking that enables devices to identify and communicate with one another over a network. An Internet Protocol (IP) address is a logical numerical address assigned to a device connected to an IP-based network. It identifies the network to which the device belongs and the particular host within that network. IP addressing is essential because data packets travelling through a network must have source and destination addresses so that routers and other networking devices can deliver them correctly. The two major versions of the Internet Protocol are IPv4 and IPv6. IPv4, or Internet Protocol version 4, is the most widely used traditional IP addressing system. It uses a 32-bit address, normally represented as four decimal numbers separated by periods. Each number, called an octet, ranges from 0 to 255. For example, 192.168.1.10 is an IPv4 address. A 32-bit IPv4 address provides approximately 4.3 billion possible addresses. An IPv4 address consists of a network portion and a host portion. The network portion identifies the network, while the host portion identifies a particular device on that network. The division between these portions depends on the network class or subnet mask. Traditional IPv4 addressing was divided into five classes: A, B, C, D and E. Class A addresses were designed for very large networks. The first octet ranges from 1 to 126, and the default subnet mask is 255.0.0.0. In Class A, the first 8 bits represent the network portion and the remaining 24 bits represent the host portion. This allows a very large number of hosts on each network. The address range is generally 1.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255. The address block beginning with 127 is reserved for loopback purposes. Class B addressing was designed for medium-sized networks. The first octet ranges from 128 to 191, and the default subnet mask is 255.255.0.0. The first 16 bits represent the network portion, while the remaining 16 bits represent the host portion. This provides a considerably large number of networks and hosts per network. Class B addresses range from 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255. Class C addressing was intended primarily for relatively small networks. The first octet ranges from 192 to 223, and the default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. The first 24 bits represent the network portion and the final 8 bits represent the host portion. This provides up to 254 usable host addresses in a conventional Class C network. Class C addresses range from 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255. Class D
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