Group-controlled learning methods, also known as collaborative learning or cooperative learning, involve students working together in groups to achieve specific learning objectives. In this approach, the responsibility for learning is shared among group members, and they actively participate in the teaching and learning process. The concept emphasizes peer interaction, collaboration, and collective knowledge construction. Two commonly used group-controlled learning methods are the Jigsaw method and the Think-Pair-Share technique.

1. Jigsaw Method: The Jigsaw method is a cooperative learning strategy that promotes teamwork, individual accountability, and interdependence among group members. It involves dividing a complex topic or task into subtopics or components, assigning each group member to become an expert on a specific subtopic, and then having the members share their knowledge with their respective groups.

Organizing the Jigsaw method at the school level: Step 1: Form Groups: Divide the class into small groups of approximately four to six students. Ensure diversity in group composition, considering factors such as abilities, learning styles, and personalities.

Step 2: Assign Subtopics: Assign a specific subtopic or aspect of the main topic to each group member within their respective groups. Provide resources, such as articles, books, or online materials, to facilitate their research and understanding of