Inequality at the global level refers to the uneven distribution of resources, wealth, opportunities, and power among countries, regions, and populations worldwide. It manifests in various forms, including economic, social, political, and environmental disparities. These inequalities are deeply rooted in historical, structural, and systemic factors that perpetuate disparities between the developed and developing world. The concept of global inequality is multifaceted, encompassing differences in income, access to education and healthcare, political influence, and even exposure to environmental risks.

One of the primary indicators of global inequality is economic disparity, which is often measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. GDP per capita provides an average income level for citizens of a country, and significant differences in this indicator reveal economic inequalities. Developed countries, particularly in the Global North, typically have high GDP per capita, while many countries in the Global South struggle with lower income levels. This income inequality is often accompanied by a high concentration of wealth in a small segment of the population, further exacerbating social divides.

Another major indicator of global inequality is the Human Development Index (HDI), which was introduced by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to measure the overall development of nations. The HDI incorporates three key dimensions: life expectancy (which serves as a proxy for health and longevity), educational attainment (measured by mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling), and standard of living (assessed through