W. B. Yeats’s *The Second Coming*, written in 1919 and published in 1920, is one of the most significant poems of the early twentieth century. It reflects the uncertainty, violence, and moral confusion that followed the First World War and the political unrest in Europe. The poem draws deeply upon both biblical symbolism and historical events to express Yeats’s belief that human civilization moves through recurring cycles of growth and destruction. Understanding these contexts helps explain the poem’s powerful vision of the collapse of one age and the terrifying birth of another. The biblical context is primarily drawn from Christian beliefs about the Second Coming of Jesus Christ. According to the New Testament, especially the Book of Revelation and the Gospels, Christ will return to the earth at the end of time to defeat evil, judge humanity, and establish the Kingdom of God. Christians traditionally view this event as one of hope, justice, and salvation. Yeats deliberately reverses these expectations. Instead of Christ appearing as a divine savior, the poet imagines the arrival of a mysterious and frightening creature with “a lion body and the head of a man.” This beast slowly moves toward Bethlehem, the birthplace of Christ, suggesting that a new era will begin not with peace but with violence and destruction. By replacing the comforting