Question
Explain first and second laws of thermodynamics.
Answer :
Word Count : 244
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Thermodynamics provides the fundamental principles that govern energy transformations in living systems, especially in membrane biology and bioenergetics. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can only be transformed from one form to another. In biological systems, this law explains how cells convert chemical energy stored in nutrients into other usable forms such as ATP, electrochemical gradients, and mechanical work. For example, during cellular respiration, the chemical energy of glucose is transformed into ATP energy, heat, and metabolic intermediates. In membrane processes, energy is conserved when ion
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