Cyber security in a typical IT system operates across multiple layers, with the network layer and application layer being two of the most critical points for protection against cyber attacks. Each layer has distinct functions and vulnerabilities, and therefore requires specific security mechanisms and technologies to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data. At the network layer, cyber security focuses on protecting data as it travels across interconnected systems and devices. This layer is responsible for routing, addressing, and transmitting data packets across networks such as local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and the internet. One of the primary threats at this layer includes unauthorized access, interception of data, denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, and man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks. To mitigate these threats, several technologies