The October Russian Revolution of 1917 was one of the most significant events in world history, marking the end of the Provisional Government and the beginning of Bolshevik rule under Vladimir Lenin. It transformed Russia from a state struggling with war, political instability, and economic collapse into the world's first socialist state based on Marxist principles. The revolution laid the foundation for the formation of the Soviet Union in 1922 and greatly influenced global politics, culture, and ideology throughout the twentieth century. The background of the October Revolution can be traced to the deep political, social, and economic problems of the Russian Empire. Tsar Nicholas II ruled through an autocratic system that ignored popular demands for political reform. Industrial workers suffered from low wages, poor working conditions, and long hours, while peasants remained burdened by poverty and unequal land distribution. Russia's participation in the First World War worsened these conditions by causing military defeats, food shortages, inflation, and heavy casualties. In February 1917, widespread protests and strikes in Petrograd forced Tsar Nicholas II to abdicate. A Provisional Government was established with the aim of creating a democratic political system. However, it failed to solve the country's major problems. It continued Russia's participation in the First World War, delayed land reforms, and struggled to maintain law and order. Alongside the Provisional Government, workers', soldiers', and peasants' councils