Sociology is the systematic and scientific study of society, social relationships, institutions, and patterns of human behaviour. Its central concern is to understand how individuals interact with one another, how social structures influence human actions, and how societies maintain continuity while also undergoing change. Unlike common-sense explanations, sociology employs empirical methods and theoretical frameworks to explain social life objectively. One of the primary concerns of sociology is the study of social relationships. Human beings live in groups, and their interactions shape social behaviour. Sociologists examine relationships within families, peer groups, workplaces, and communities to understand cooperation, conflict, authority, and social integration. These interactions form the foundation of social life and influence individual identity and behaviour. Another major concern is the study of social institutions. Institutions such as the family, education, religion, economy, polity, and law organize social life by establishing norms, values, and roles. Sociology analyses how these institutions function, how they interact with one another, and how they contribute to social order or social inequality. For example, education not only imparts knowledge but also socializes individuals and reproduces social values. Social stratification and inequality constitute another important area of sociological inquiry. Sociology investigates the unequal