Education is widely regarded as a powerful instrument for social mobility, equality, and human development. However, despite constitutional guarantees and international commitments promoting equal educational opportunities, discrimination continues to exist in many forms across educational institutions and systems. Educational discrimination refers to unequal treatment of individuals or groups based on characteristics such as caste, class, gender, religion, ethnicity, language, disability, region, or economic background. Such discrimination affects access to education, quality of learning, academic achievement, and future opportunities. From a sociological perspective, education reflects the broader structure of society. Since societies are often marked by inequalities, educational institutions may reproduce these inequalities rather than eliminate them. Pierre Bourdieu argued that schools reward the cultural capital possessed by dominant social groups, placing children from disadvantaged backgrounds at a disadvantage. Similarly, Bowles and Gintis maintained that education reproduces existing class inequalities by preparing students for unequal positions in the labour market. Discrimination based on social class remains one of the most significant challenges. Children from economically weaker families often lack access to quality schools, digital technology, private coaching, books, and nutritious food. While affluent students benefit from better infrastructure and educational resources, poor students frequently attend underfunded schools with inadequate facilities. This economic divide widens educational outcomes and limits social mobility. Caste-based discrimination has historically influenced educational opportunities, particularly in countries