Ethnic resurgence and identity-based conflicts have become prominent issues in contemporary international relations, shaping political landscapes, social cohesion, and security dynamics worldwide. Ethnic resurgence refers to the revival and mobilization of ethnic identities, often in response to historical grievances, perceived marginalization, or socio-political exclusion. This resurgence can emerge as a cultural assertion, a political movement, or in extreme cases, as violent conflict. In an increasingly globalized world, where states interact across economic, political, and cultural spheres, ethnic and identity-based mobilizations often challenge the traditional notions of state sovereignty and national unity. The causes of ethnic resurgence are multifaceted. Historically marginalized groups often seek recognition and autonomy, especially in post-colonial states where arbitrary borders imposed during colonial rule failed to reflect ethnic and cultural realities. Economic disparities exacerbate these tensions, as groups that perceive themselves as disadvantaged mobilize around identity to demand resources, representation, or protection. Political factors also play a critical role; weak or authoritarian states may suppress minority groups, inadvertently fueling resentment and strengthening ethnic consciousness. Additionally, globalization and the spread of information technologies have facilitated the preservation and promotion of ethnic identities, allowing diasporas and local communities to coordinate efforts and draw international attention to