The cosmopolitan view on international ethics is based on the principle that all human beings belong to a single moral community irrespective of nationality, race, religion, culture, or political boundaries. It argues that every individual possesses equal moral worth, and therefore ethical obligations extend beyond the borders of sovereign states. This perspective challenges the traditional state-centric approach, which treats national interest as the primary concern in international relations. Cosmopolitanism draws inspiration from Stoic philosophy, Immanuel Kant's idea of perpetual peace, and contemporary human rights theories. It maintains that universal moral principles such as justice, equality, freedom, and human dignity should guide international conduct. Accordingly, states,