Convergent plate margins, also known as destructive plate boundaries, are regions where two tectonic plates move towards each other. The interactions at these boundaries are among the most dynamic geological processes on Earth, leading to intense deformation, mountain building, earthquakes, and volcanism. The nature of activities along these margins largely depends on the types of plates involved, which can be oceanic-oceanic, oceanic-continental, or continental-continental. In an oceanic-continental convergent boundary, the denser oceanic plate subducts beneath the lighter continental plate, forming a subduction zone. As the oceanic plate descends into the mantle, it undergoes partial melting due to increasing pressure and temperature. This generates magma, which rises through the continental crust to form volcanic arcs. A classical example of this is the Andean mountain range along the western edge of South America, where the Nazca Plate subducts beneath the South American Plate. The subduction process also triggers frequent earthquakes and forms deep oceanic trenches such as the Peru-Chile Trench. The overriding continental