Glacial erosion is a powerful geological process that shapes landscapes through the movement of ice. Glaciers erode the underlying rock by mechanisms such as plucking and abrasion. Plucking occurs when meltwater penetrates cracks in the bedrock, freezes, and dislodges rock fragments, which are then carried along by the glacier. Abrasion happens when rock fragments embedded in the ice grind against the bedrock, producing striations and smooth surfaces. The combined effect of these processes results in distinct erosional landforms that are characteristic of glaciated regions. One prominent erosional landform is the U-shaped valley. Unlike river valleys, which are typically V-shaped, glacial valleys exhibit steep sides and a flat or gently sloping floor. The glacier widens and deepens pre-existing river valleys, creating this distinctive U-shape. An associated feature is the hanging valley, which forms when smaller tributary glaciers meet a main glacier. After glacial retreat, these tributary valleys are left “hanging” above the main valley floor, often forming waterfalls. Another significant landform is the cirque or cwm, a