Urbanisation and urbanism are two closely related but distinct concepts in Urban Anthropology. Urbanisation refers to the demographic, economic, and spatial process through which an increasing proportion of the population comes to live in urban areas. It involves the expansion of towns and cities, industrial growth, migration from rural to urban areas, and changes in land use and occupational patterns. Urbanism, on the other hand, refers to the way of life, social relationships, cultural values, and behavioural patterns associated with living in urban environments. While urbanisation explains the growth of cities, urbanism explains how city life influences human behaviour and social organization. Urbanisation is driven by industrialisation, economic opportunities, technological development, improved transportation, globalization, and better access to education, healthcare, and public services. Rural populations migrate to urban centres in search of employment and improved living standards. This migration transforms both rural and urban societies by creating diverse and complex social structures. Anthropologists study urbanisation as a process that changes settlement patterns, economic activities, family structures, and cultural identities. Urban Anthropology examines urbanisation through fieldwork and ethnographic studies to understand how different communities adapt to rapid urban growth. It explores how migrants maintain rural traditions while simultaneously adopting urban lifestyles. The coexistence of traditional and modern institutions makes cities important sites for