Conflict is an inherent aspect of human interaction, arising whenever interests, values, or needs clash between individuals, groups, or nations. Understanding the sources of conflict is crucial for effective conflict resolution and peacebuilding, as it allows stakeholders to identify root causes, manage tensions, and promote sustainable harmony. Conflicts can emerge from multiple dimensions, including structural, relational, cultural, economic, and psychological factors, each contributing differently to tensions in societies. One primary source of conflict is resource scarcity. When individuals or groups compete over limited resources such as land, water, food, or energy, disputes are likely to arise. In many developing and even developed contexts, unequal access to resources can trigger social unrest, political instability, and violent confrontation. Resource-based conflicts often intertwine with economic disparities, where unequal distribution fosters resentment and rivalry between communities or nations. For instance, disputes over water sharing in transboundary rivers exemplify conflicts rooted in resource scarcity. Another major source of conflict is power and political control. Conflicts often emerge when different groups or individuals seek authority, governance, or influence over decision-making processes. Political struggles can occur at local, national, or international levels and are frequently accompanied by issues of legitimacy, representation, and governance. When people or communities perceive exclusion or marginalization from political processes, tensions can escalate, resulting in civil unrest, protests, or even armed confrontation. Competition for political power is often compounded by historical grievances and perceptions of injustice. Cultural and identity differences also constitute a significant source of conflict. Differences in religion, ethnicity, language, and social norms can create misunderstandings and friction between groups. Identity-based conflicts often have deep historical roots, and the perception of threat to one’s culture or group identity can intensify hostility. These conflicts may manifest as discrimination, social segregation, or communal violence. The challenge in resolving identity-related conflicts lies in acknowledging differences while promoting mutual respect and inclusive social frameworks. Economic disparities and inequality generate another layer of tension. Social and economic inequalities, including differences in income, employment opportunities, and access to education or healthcare, can lead to resentment and social friction. Groups marginalized economically often feel