Conflict is an inherent and inevitable aspect of human interaction, arising whenever individuals or groups perceive incompatible goals, interests, or values. It occurs across a range of settings, from interpersonal relationships to organizational structures, communities, and even between nations. Conflict is not necessarily negative; it can be a catalyst for change, growth, and problem-solving when managed constructively. Understanding the nature of conflict, its sources, dynamics, and resolution mechanisms is central to fostering peace and building sustainable relationships in both local and global contexts. Conflict can be broadly defined as a situation in which parties experience perceived or actual opposition in interests, goals, or values, leading to tension and sometimes open confrontation. This opposition may manifest in different forms, including verbal disagreements, emotional discord, competition for resources, or violent confrontation. While conflict is often viewed negatively due to its association with stress, aggression, and disruption, it is essential to recognize that conflict is also a natural expression of differing needs and perspectives, and when addressed effectively, it can lead to improved understanding, innovation, and cooperation. Several theoretical perspectives help explain conflict. From a psychological standpoint, conflict arises when individuals experience frustration, unmet needs, or cognitive dissonance. Frustration-Aggression theory suggests that when a person’s goals are blocked, tension and hostility can emerge, potentially escalating into conflict. Social Identity Theory further explains conflict by emphasizing the role of group affiliation, where people define themselves through their membership in social, ethnic, or cultural groups, leading to in-group favoritism and out-group hostility. On a broader scale, sociological and structural theories highlight how inequality, competition for scarce resources, and systemic injustices contribute to persistent and recurring conflict. Conflicts can be classified into various types depending on the context and the actors involved. Interpersonal conflicts occur between individuals and are often driven by differences in personality, communication