Qualitative data analysis is a systematic and interpretive process through which researchers organize, examine, and derive meaningful insights from non-numerical data such as interview transcripts, focus group discussions, observations, field notes, diaries, and documents. In psychological research, qualitative analysis helps understand individuals' thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and lived experiences in their natural contexts. Although different qualitative approaches such as thematic analysis, grounded theory, phenomenology, and content analysis follow slightly different procedures, they generally involve a series of common analytical steps. The first step is data preparation and organization. After collecting the data, researchers transcribe audio or video recordings into written form. Field notes and observational records are arranged systematically. Researchers review the transcripts for accuracy and ensure that confidential information is protected by removing identifying details. Proper organization facilitates efficient analysis and retrieval of information. The second step is familiarization with the data. Researchers read and reread the transcripts, listen to recordings, and examine notes carefully to immerse themselves in the data. During this stage, they begin to identify