Question
Discuss the salient features of Ayushman Bharat Scheme (PMJAY). Analyse its significance in reducing out-of-pocket expenditures in the Indian Healthcare system.
Answer :
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Ayushman Bharat, also known as the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY), is one of the flagship health initiatives of the Government of India, launched in 2018 to provide comprehensive health coverage to economically vulnerable populations. Its design reflects a major step towards universal health coverage, aiming to reduce financial barriers to quality healthcare. One of the most salient features of PMJAY is its coverage of secondary and tertiary hospitalization costs for eligible families. The scheme offers a health insurance cover of up to ₹5 lakh per family per year for hospitalization expenses across public and empaneled private hospitals in India. This is particularly significant in a country where out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure has historically been a leading cause of impoverishment. By providing this coverage, PMJAY ensures that hospitalization costs do not push families below the poverty line. Another important feature of the scheme is its comprehensive beneficiary identification system. The scheme uses the Socio-Economic Caste Census (SECC) database to identify eligible households, which ensures that the poorest
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