The rapid expansion of electronic commerce has transformed global trade by enabling cross-border transactions in goods, services, and data through digital networks. The World Trade Organization has played a significant role in shaping the multilateral response to issues arising from electronic commerce, even though it was established before the digital economy became prominent. Through existing agreements, ministerial decisions, and ongoing negotiations, the WTO provides an institutional framework to address trade-related aspects of e-commerce while balancing liberalization, regulation, and development concerns. One of the most important contributions of the WTO to electronic commerce is the 1998 Work Programme on Electronic Commerce, adopted at the Second Ministerial Conference. This programme mandates WTO bodies to examine trade-related issues arising from e-commerce within their respective areas of competence. It recognizes e-commerce as a cross-cutting phenomenon affecting trade in goods, services, and intellectual property. Under this framework, the General Council, Council for Trade in Services, Council for Trade in Goods, Council for TRIPS, and the Committee on Trade and Development have explored issues such as market access, customs duties, intellectual property protection, and development implications. Closely linked to the Work Programme is the WTO’s