Sanitation plays a vital role in ensuring public health, environmental protection, and social well-being. It involves the safe management of human waste, solid waste, wastewater, and hygienic practices that prevent the spread of diseases. Improving sanitation requires collective effort from multiple stakeholders, including governments, local authorities, communities, households, non-governmental organizations, private sectors, and international agencies. Each of these stakeholders contributes in different ways to promote hygienic practices, develop sanitation infrastructure, and create awareness among people. The government is one of the most important stakeholders in improving sanitation. It is responsible for creating policies, laws, and regulations related to sanitation and hygiene. Governments design national sanitation programs and allocate funds for the construction of toilets, drainage systems, and waste management facilities. They also establish standards for water quality, sewage treatment, and waste disposal to ensure environmental safety. In many countries, governments implement sanitation campaigns that encourage people to adopt hygienic habits and build toilets in their homes. Public health departments conduct inspections and monitor sanitation conditions in schools, hospitals, markets, and other public places. Through effective governance and policy implementation, governments can ensure that sanitation services reach both urban and rural populations. Local authorities and municipal bodies play a significant role in implementing sanitation programs at the community level. They are responsible for maintaining public sanitation facilities such as public toilets, garbage collection systems, drainage networks, and sewage