Improvement of sanitation is a multi-dimensional task that requires participation from various stakeholders working in coordination. Hygiene, sanitation and waste management are closely linked to public health, environmental sustainability and social development. The government plays a central role in policy formulation, infrastructure development and regulation of sanitation services. Through national sanitation programs such as Swachh Bharat Mission, governments promote construction of toilets, elimination of open defecation and improvement of waste disposal systems. Public authorities are responsible for ensuring access to safe drinking water, sewerage networks and treatment facilities. They also allocate financial resources, enforce sanitation laws and monitor service delivery. Local government bodies such as municipal corporations are particularly important because sanitation management is largely a local-level activity. They organize waste collection services, maintain drainage systems and manage solid waste treatment plants. Efficient urban sanitation planning reduces environmental pollution and helps maintain hygienic living conditions. International organizations also contribute significantly to sanitation improvement by providing technical expertise, financial assistance and policy guidance. The World Health Organization works on global sanitation standards, disease prevention strategies and promotion of hygiene awareness. It supports countries in developing sanitation infrastructure and monitoring water