The situation in Afghanistan over the past decades has been marked by complex armed conflicts involving multiple actors, each contributing to violations of International Humanitarian Law (IHL). Various conflicting parties, including state actors, non-state armed groups, and international forces, have played significant roles in undermining the protection of civilians and the principles of distinction, proportionality, and humanity mandated under IHL. The Taliban, as one of the primary non-state actors, has been involved in numerous actions that contravene IHL. Their targeting of civilians, use of suicide bombings, improvised explosive devices (IEDs), and attacks on schools, hospitals, and humanitarian workers reflect clear violations of the principle of distinction between combatants and non-combatants. Indiscriminate attacks and recruitment of child soldiers by the Taliban further exacerbate