Economic disparities and marginalisation are important structural causes of conflict because they create unequal access to resources, opportunities, dignity and political power. In a diverse country like India, differences in income, wealth, employment, education, land ownership and access to basic services can produce feelings of deprivation and injustice. When particular social groups remain economically and socially excluded, they may perceive the political and economic system as unfair. Such perceptions can generate resentment, protests, social tensions and, in extreme situations, violent conflicts. Economic inequality does not automatically lead to conflict, but it becomes a significant source of conflict when people experience persistent relative deprivation. For example, landlessness, unemployment, displacement and unequal access to natural resources can intensify tensions among communities. Industrial and development projects that displace tribal and rural populations without adequate compensation or participation have sometimes produced resistance and conflict. Similarly, agrarian inequalities and indebtedness have contributed to social unrest in several parts of India. Regional disparities in development can also generate dissatisfaction when people feel that their region or community is being neglected. Marginalisation further strengthens these tensions. Historically disadvantaged groups, including Dalits, Adivasis, minorities,