Economic activities and the environment are closely interlinked, and this relationship forms a core concern of economic geography. Economic activities such as agriculture, mining, manufacturing, energy production, transport, and services are fundamentally dependent on environmental resources, while at the same time they modify, transform, and often degrade the environment. The spatial distribution of these activities is largely determined by environmental factors like climate, relief, soil, water availability, and mineral resources, highlighting the reciprocal relationship between economy and nature. Primary economic activities show the most direct dependence on the environment. Agriculture relies on fertile soils, suitable temperature, rainfall, and water supply, which explains the concentration of intensive farming in river valleys, plains, and monsoon regions. Similarly, fishing depends on marine ecosystems and ocean currents, while forestry is closely related to climate and vegetation types. Mining activities are