Economic geography emerged as a distinct sub-discipline within geography in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, closely linked to the expansion of industrial capitalism, colonial trade, and regional specialization. In its early phase, economic geography was largely descriptive in nature. Scholars focused on mapping the spatial distribution of economic activities such as agriculture, mining, manufacturing, and trade, and explaining them in relation to physical factors like climate, soil, relief, and natural resources. This environmental determinist approach viewed economic patterns as outcomes of natural endowments and emphasized inventories of resources and commodities across regions and nations. During the interwar period and after the Second World War, economic geography gradually shifted towards a more analytical orientation. Influenced by location theory and economics, geographers began to study why economic activities were located where they were. Theories developed by thinkers such as Alfred Weber on industrial location, Johann Heinrich von Thünen on agricultural land use, and Walter Christaller on central places brought a more systematic and theoretical framework. This phase, often described