The call for Direct Action by the Muslim League on 16 August 1946 marked a critical turning point in the political situation of India during the final phase of the national movement. The demand for Pakistan had become the central objective of the Muslim League under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, and the failure of constitutional negotiations with the British government and the Indian National Congress intensified communal tensions. The announcement of Direct Action Day aimed to demonstrate Muslim political strength and pressurize the British and Congress leadership to accept the League’s demand for a separate nation. The immediate consequence of the Direct Action call was the outbreak of severe communal violence, especially in Calcutta. On 16 August 1946, large-scale riots broke out between Hindus and Muslims, resulting in thousands of deaths and widespread destruction of property. The violence in Calcutta, known as the Great Calcutta Killings, deeply affected the political atmosphere of the country. It created an environment of fear, mistrust, and hostility between different communities. The riots soon spread to other regions, including Noakhali, Bihar, Punjab, and the North-West Frontier Province, causing further loss of life and weakening the